Annotated Bibliography

Dark Dreams

Nightmares are a common phenomenon experienced by nearly everyone. Although they might not be given much thought or consideration, they are a prominent factor in the life of others. Those who experience constant nightmares and night terrors may have underlying psychological and neurological disorders.

“Nightmare Disorder.” Encyclopedia of Mental

Disorders, www.minddisorders.com/Kau-Nu/Nightmare-disorder.html.

                  This online encyclopedia of mental disorders defines what Dream Anxiety disorder is. It also describes how when an individual experiences a nightmare, they feel threatened and with fear. It briefly talks about possible causes and symptoms, one of the possible causes is associated with having other disorders that cause the nightmares. The article also touches base on the demographics and on how nightmares are more common on children. Lastly the article describes the diagnosis process and its possible treatments.

                  This online encyclopedia article on Nightmare Disorder gives descriptions and valuable information that can be used on my research paper. I can use this article as a reference to better explain some of my claim and ideas. The article also contains information that I could not find in any other article. I’m not fully relying in just this article because even though it contains a lot of interesting and good information it doesn’t contain all the information needed to support my ideas and thesis.

Kunze, Anna E., et al. "Efficacy and Mechanisms of Imagery Rescripting and Imaginal Exposure for Nightmares: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." Trials, vol. 17, 26 Sept. 2016, pp. 1-14.

This study by Kunze, et al is on how there can be a possible way of treating Dream Anxiety Disorder. It mentions how frequent nightmares can effectively be treated with cognitive behavioral techniques such as imagery rehearsal therapy. These techniques can help individuals reprogram their nightmares to be less terrifying when they occur again. The researchers of this study tried to investigate the efficiency of these methods.

                  This peer reviewed article informed me on techniques that can be used to treat Nightmare Disorder. This article/study introduced to me new information that I didn't know about. It helped me answer one of my research questions on preventions and treatments of nightmares. This source is significant because it develops my claim in my research and it introduces a solution to the problem I am presenting. I’m not fully relying on this source because even though at the beginning the article has a very strong description on what Nightmare Disorder is and how it can possibly be treated, it doesn't cover and support my other claims.

Semiz, Umit B., et al. "Nightmare Disorder, Dream Anxiety, and Subjective Sleep Quality in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder." Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 62, no. 1, Feb. 2008, pp. 48-55.

            The authors and researcher of the GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, used data from a polysomnographic study of 163 Borderline Personality disorder BPD individuals that also suffered a significantly greater rate of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect. These patients were consecutively admitted to Personality Disorders Research Program at the GATA hospital. By conducting this study, their results concluded the theory that higher dream anxiety was significantly correlated with higher rates of childhood trauma history and poor sleep quality. This present study identifies dream anxiety as a clinical match of childhood trauma, dissociative symptoms, and subjective sleep quality in patients with BPD.

            This article explains how other neurological disorders can contribute to an individual becoming a victim to, and experiencing symptoms of Nightmare disorder. It reveals different factors that can be causing patients to have these horrifying and perturbing dreams. This entry helped me further develop my thesis on Nightmare and Dream Anxiety Disorder as well as view other possible causes. While writing my research paper I will include these sources, as they contain information about Dream Anxiety Disorder.

“What Causes Nightmares | Sleep.Org by the National Sleep Foundation.” Sleep.Org,                 sleep.org/articles/causes-nightmares/.

                    This article by the National Sleep organization contains valuable information on what causes nightmares. It also communicates how constant nightmares can cause sleep deprivation which can lead to other medical diseases, such as; heart disease, obesity, depression and even death. It explains how things you might normally do, such as eating before bed or everyday stressors can cause you to experience constant nightmares and sleepless nights. The question is strongly supported by including reasonable causes of nightmares.

                  This small article informs on what can be causing individuals to have these constant nightmares. By reading these causes, this article shows how occurring nightmares can be prevented. This source is significant because it points out more causes and some preventions on Dream Anxiety Disorder. I’m not relying on this source fully because it just supports some two of my claims in my research paper.